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Most cancers arising outside the brain or spine can have an effect on the nervous system. These cancers can:
| Travel directly to the brain to cause brain metastasis. | |
| Travel to the areas surrounding the spine, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves (epidural metastasis). | |
| Travel to the substance of the spinal cord. | |
| Travel to the spinal fluid and linings of the brain and spinal cord (neoplastic or carcinomatous meningitis). |